Sunday, January 9, 2011

SESSION 13: Numbers 11-36 (Wilderness Wanderings)

If you desire an email of this session for ‘Thinking through the Bible’, send your request by email to carlsonpj@gmail.com. You may also request a full set of notes on the Pentateuch if you want to read more than this summary of the session presented on Sunday morning. Those who attend the sessions on Sunday mornings benefit the most by reading the Book of the Bible as if they were living at the time of the Book we are covering in the session.

‘There are tree mistake in this sentence.’ Find them and keep them to yourself. Reading the Bible as ‘God’s Story’ allows you to see the obvious, but, when reading randomly you do not readily see the obvious.


Two years after the escape from Egypt, Israel begins thirty-eight years of desert wandering. Numbers opens with a general census recorded in chapter 1. A second census recorded in chapter 26 is taken thirty-eight years later, after Aaron’s death, when his son Eleazar takes his place. The purpose of the census is to list all men over twenty years of age fit for military service. The Levites, because of their other duties, were exempt. Moses and Aaron are in charge of the first census, assisted by one representative from each tribe. The later total, 601,730, is slightly less than the first total of 603,550. In Egypt Israel’s population rose rapidly, but now the tough desert conditions and the judgments their disobedience brought upon them keep the population down.

The first ten chapters of Numbers finish up the account of Israel camped at the base of Mt. Sinai. It was three weeks after the first census that Israel leaves Mt. Sinai. Almost fourteen months after the Exodus from Egypt and eleven months after the arrival at Sinai (Exodus 19:1, three months after leaving Egypt), ‘…the cloud was taken up from above the tabernacle of the Testimony. And the children of Israel set out from the Wilderness of Sinai on their journeys; then the cloud settled down in the Wilderness of Paran. So they started out for the first time according to the command of the Lord by the hand of Moses’ (Numbers 10:11-13).


From Sinai the children of Israel camped at Kibroth-Hattaavah (literally ‘Graves of Craving’, Numbers 11:34). There they aroused the anger of Yahweh by complaining about food. In their minds they somehow separated the food they had in Egypt from their bondage under Pharaoh! Along with the mixed multitude, Israel became discontent with God’s provision of ‘manna’, which was ‘like coriander seed, and its color like the color of bdellium [gum resin]’ (Numbers 11:7).

Why is it so easy to be discontent with God’s provision? Why are we so picky about how our food tastes? Two thirds of the world eats for nutrition; one third, that includes us, eats according to taste!

Sharing:
  • We are easily discontent because we are whiners and crave variety, always wanting more.
God instructed Moses to appoint seventy elders who were known to be leaders of the people. The order for appointment is important. God first equipped men as leaders, and then they were recognized as leaders “to be elders of the people and officers over them” (Numbers 11:16). They were to go with Moses to the tent of meeting where Yahweh would speak with Moses. God set these leaders apart with the same ‘Spirit’ that came upon Moses (Numbers 1:17). When the Spirit rested upon them, they prophesied, ‘although they never did so again’ (Numbers 11:25). The word used for ‘prophesied’ here means ‘to act the prophet’. Their ability authenticated their appointment by God as leaders. This reminds us of the time when God’s Spirit came upon Bezalel, enabling him to have workmanship skills to build the tabernacle according to God’s requirements (Exodus 31:3; 35:30-31); and also Moses and Aaron’s ability to perform miracles to prove to the Israelites and the Egyptians that they were from God (Exodus 4:3ff).

Sharing:
  • Numbers 11:16 shows us that God was helping Moses out in his leadership of the nation.
  • Leaders were already recognized before they were appointed.
  • Their title and position did not make them leaders; it simply identified them as leaders.
‘Now the mixed multitude who were among them yielded to intense craving; so the children of Israel also wept again and said: ‘Who will give us meat to eat?’  God gave them just what they wanted – migrating quails over the camp for one month. The one who gathered the least collected ten homers (Numbers 11:32), one homer equal to a donkey load (58 gallons). But judgment accompanied the provision: ‘…while the meat was still between their teeth, before it was chewed, the wrath of the Lord was aroused against the people, and the Lord struck the people with a very great plague. So he called the name of that place Kibroth Hattaavah, because there they buried the people who had yielded to craving’ (Numbers 11:33-34).

What attributes of God are prevalent in a nation that persisted in grumbling in spite of His provision?

Sharing:
  • God’s obvious attributes are mercy, patience (longsuffering), justice, grace.
Why is grumbling so much easier than thankfulness?

Sharing:
  • We complain because we think about ourselves.
  • Grumbling is easier because it’s about us rather than God.

The attitude of the Israelites even affected the priesthood and immediate families of Israel’s leadership. Jealousy crept in so that Miriam and Aaron were not content with their important place in Israel. They ridiculed Moses because of his Ethiopian wife (early signs of racism). The Lord defended Moses:
“Hear now My words:
If there is a prophet among you,
I, the Lord, make Myself known to him in a vision;
I speak to him in a dream.
Not so with My servant Moses;
He is faithful in all My house.
I speak with him face to face,
Even plainly, and not in dark sayings;
And he sees the form of the Lord.
Why then were you not afraid
To speak against My servant Moses?”
(Numbers 12:6-8).

God explained his relationship with Moses – He spoke plainly face to face. His judgment on jealousy resulted in Miriam experiencing leprosy. In his humility (‘very humble, more than all men who were on the face of the earth’, Numbers 12:3), Moses pleaded for God to heal his sister. This establishes that Moses did not wrongly provoke the complaint of Miriam and Aaron, and explains his swift defense.

Which of God’s attributes allows for recognition of a person’s humility to be so clearly expressed?

Sharing:
  • God’s grace allows for humility.
  • Esteeming others over ourselves shows humility.
  • We recognize God when humility is present.
  • Humility is expressed in thankfulness that all things come from God.

How should true humility be expressed?

Sharing:
  • God showed His humility by interacting with His people. He lowered Himself to speak with us; ‘face to face’ with Moses.
  • Moses showed humility by pleading with God to spare the very ones who were jealous of him.
  • Moses prays for those who hate him; he returned evil with kindness.

What are the dangers of expressing our own humility?

Sharing:
  • We recognize our own humility, rather than leaving it for others to notice.
  • ‘I’m proud to be humble’ is what happens when I focus on personal humility.
  • We are afraid that others will take advantage of us.
  • Humility is not always considered a virtue; for some it is cowardly.
God led Israel from Hazeroth. They camped eighteen times in the Wilderness of Paran (Exodus 33), until they arrived in Kadesh-barnea in the Wilderness of Zin (about one year and four months after their exodus from Egypt). They were now ready to enter the land God had promised to Abraham some four hundred years earlier (Genesis 13:15).

At Yahweh’s command, Moses sent a man from each of the twelve tribes to spy out and report upon the land of Canaan. They entered from the South (Negev), and journeyed up to the mountains, going as far as Rehob, near the entrance to Hamath. In the Hebron area (burial place of Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob), they found the Anak clan of giants. In the valley of Eshcol (‘Cluster’) they cut down a cluster of grapes so big that they had to carry it on a pole between two men! After forty days they returned to camp, bringing a good report of the fruitfulness of the land, but an evil report of the giants and walled cities. Joshua and Caleb agreed with all that was told, but added, “Let us go up at once and take possession, for we are well able to overcome it” (Numbers 13:30). Once again rebellion set in to such an extent that the Israelites wanted to stone Joshua and Caleb, and select a leader who would take them back to Egypt (Numbers 14:4, 10).

Why does jealousy arise among God’s leaders?

Sharing:
  • We fear the unknown, like the spies.
  • We turn our focus to man and off God.
  • We want to be right and think we are smart.

What is it about disbelief that causes us to find fault with faithful servants? How does God view such behavior?

Sharing:
  • How did the rebels think they would cross the Red Sea again to return to Egypt?
  • Their rebellion blinded them to reality so that they focused on food and not the Pharaoh!

A good report, overshadowed by a bad report, led to pessimism; which led to complaining; which led to rebellion; which led to rejection of God; which led to persistent disobedience; which led to God’s mercy; which required God’s judgment; which led to presumption (they made a futile attempt to invade Canaan, but neither the ark of the covenant nor Moses left the camp, so that the Amalekites and the Canaanites attacked them and drove them back); which led to them wandering for thirty-eight years; which led to God’s faithfulness; which in all of this the earth was still being filled ‘with the glory of the Lord’ (read Numbers 13 and 14). Alexander MacLaren explained it this way: “One bold push forward, and their feet would tread on their inheritance. But, as is so often the case, courage oozed out at the decisive moment, and cowardice, disguised as prudence, called for ‘further information’, that cuckoo-cry of the faint-hearted.”

God’s judgment upon the nation for their rebellion and unbelief was that they would wander for thirty-eight years in the wilderness, thus preventing the present generation from entering the Promised Land. Yahweh took their complaining personally: “How long shall I bear with this evil congregation who complain against Me?” (Numbers 14:27). Their “carcasses shall fall in this wilderness” (Numbers 14:32). God had His exceptions: “But Joshua and Caleb remained alive” (Numbers 14:38).

Exodus 32:34 describes God’s mercy after Israel turned to the golden calf as a substitute for their worship of Yahweh. Moses was instructed to “lead the people to the place of which I have spoken to you. Behold, My Angel shall go before you. Nevertheless, in the day when I visit for punishment, I will visit punishment upon them for their sin.” That day of visitation arrived in Numbers 14 because the people continued in their rebellion. Even though they carried their rebellion against Yahweh, going so far as to display an open declaration of their intention to remove Moses, and return to Egypt under another leader, so that they filled up the measure of their sins, God’s blessing was evident: “I will forgive them, as you have asked” (Numbers 14:20,  GNT). Follow this theme of God’s mercy throughout the record of Israel’s rebellion and you learn about a faithful God in the midst of rebellion that has severe consequences. For example, even in His anger towards His people, Yahweh allowed them to ‘wander’ for forty years. This word ‘wander’ in Numbers 32:13 means ‘shall pasture’. This conveys God’s provision even in times of judgment. Cain experienced the same mercy after murdering his brother, when God allowed him to live in the land of “Wandering” (meaning of “Nod”), recorded in Genesis 4:16.

“Turn back” from the enemy was Yahweh’s command to a disobedient nation. Israel was required to wander around Kadesh, seeking pasturelands in the Wilderness of Zin, while the tabernacle and all those connected to it stayed at Kadesh, which means ‘the sanctuary’.

Israel became a nomadic tribe of shepherds (Numbers 14:33), wandering from place to place (Numbers 33), with their organized camp broken down and the presence of Yahweh no longer directly in their midst, all because of unbelief.



To revive the hopes of the new generation that was growing up, Yahweh gave Moses further instructions regarding sacrifices. The law of the sin offering was to apply not only to the Israelites but also to the strangers among them. The severity of breaking the sign of the covenant (“Keep the Sabbath”) was death (Exodus 31:13, 14). This was demonstrated by the congregation having to stone a man to death for picking up sticks on the Sabbath (Numbers 15:32-36), and thereby disavowing the entire covenant. Profaning the Sabbath was denying all of the vows taken at Mount Sinai, and then defying God by becoming self-sufficient and rebellious in doing some physical work. Yahweh also provided rules about tassels because He knew their tendency to forget God: “Throughout the generations to come you must make tassels for the hems of your clothing and attach them with a blue cord. When you see the tassels, you will remember and obey all the commands of the Lord instead of following your own desires and defiling yourselves, as you are prone to do. The tassels will help you remember that you must obey all my commands and be holy to your God. I am the Lord your God who brought you out of the land of Egypt that I might be your God. I am the Lord your God!” (Numbers 15:38-41, NLT).

Rebellion arose against Moses. Numbers 16 describes a series of events in which two forces oppose Moses and Aaron. One group led by Dathan, Abiram, and On from the tribe of Reuben, was jealous of the leadership that God had established, and ‘gathered together against’ Moses and Aaron (Numbers 16:3). The other group consisted of Kohathites (Levities), the very group to which Moses and Aaron belonged.

Moses dealt first with the Levite opposition, which had access to the tabernacle. He made a proposal: “Take censers, Korah and all your company; put fire in them and put incense in them before the Lord tomorrow, and it shall be that the man whom the Lord chooses is the holy one. You take too much upon yourselves, you sons of Levi!” (Numbers 16:6-7). This set the stage for divine judgment: ‘And a fire came out from the Lord and consumed the two hundred and fifty men who were offering incense’ (Numbers 16:35).

Moses then dealt with the Reubenites, Dathan and Abiram. After refusing to go to their tents, they were destroyed with their families: ‘…the ground split apart under them, and the earth opened its mouth and swallowed them up, with their households and all the men with Korah, with all their goods’ (Numbers 16:31-32). God’s judgment rid the Israelites of their complaints, and God caused Aaron’s rod to bud to show that He had chosen Aaron as the high priest.

What attributes of God are evident when He deals with people who oppose His leaders?

Sharing:
  • Even though God brought judgment as a Just God, He cared for the nation in the wilderness.

Appropriate instructions for the priests and Levites follow God’s judgement. Since the children of Levi and the priests were not to share in the inheritance of the land (Numbers 18:20), God required a tithe (means ‘ten percent’ as a taxation) from the people to sustain them. God summed up the care of the priesthood when He told Aaron: “I am your portion and your inheritance among the children of Israel” (Numbers 18:20).

Once again Israel assembled at Kadesh, where Miriam died and was buried (Numbers 20:1). It was a new start as Israel journeyed south to Edom around the east of Jordan and camped on the plains of Moab.

During the journey Moses and Aaron heard one too many complaints of the people: ‘Now there was no water for the congregation, so they gathered together against Moses and Aaron’ (Numbers 20:2). In a fit of anger, Moses disobeyed God and struck the rock to provide water, instead of following God’s command to speak to the rock (Numbers 20:8). Moses named the place where he struck the rock, ‘Meribah’, which means ‘Contention’ (Numbers 20:13). Moses and Aaron forfeited their entry into the Promised Land because of disbelief and failure to sanctify (‘honor me as holy’, NIV) the Lord in the eyes of the people (Numbers 20:12). This gives meaning to Leviticus 10:3:
‘By those who come near Me
I must be regarded as holy;
And before all the people
I must be glorified.’

What was it that Moses and Aaron were required to do to honor God as holy before the people? What attributes of God kept Him from sparing the lives of Moses and Aaron any longer on earth?

Sharing:
  • Moses responded to the people by asking if ‘we’ must bring forth water; he turned his focus on himself instead of keeping it on God as their provider.
  • It may be that God was exercising mercy toward Moses by removing him from a rebellious nation; He knew Moses had enough!

Edom also reared its rebellion against God once again by refusing to let Israel pass through their land: “You shall not pass through my land, lest I come out against you with the sword” (Numbers 20:18). These were the descendants of Esau, still showing their hostility towards their brother nation Israel.

Aaron died at Mount Hor and his high priestly office was passed onto his son Eleazar (Numbers 20:24-26). The king of Arad (a Canaanite king in the south) heard that Israel was travelling on the road to Atharim, so he fought against them and took some of them as prisoners. Yahweh caused Israel to destroy them and their cities. They named the place ‘Hormah’ (‘Utter Destruction’). Moving around the land of Edom, the Israelites continued grumbling, which resulted in another plague and deliverance. They spoke against Yahweh and against Moses because of no food and water, saying, “our soul loathes this worthless bread” (Numbers 21:5). Fiery serpents bit the people and many of them died. God’s mercy was demonstrated by allowing anyone bitten to be healed when they looked at the bronze serpent placed on a pole (Numbers 21:9).

After many movements in the Wilderness of Paran, the Israelites ended up on the top of Pisgah (Mt. Nebo), which looks down on the wasteland (Jeshimon).

The kingdoms of Sihon (of the Amorites) and Og (also of the Amorites) tried to destroy Israel. These were the last kingdoms east of the Jordan River that blocked the way into Canaan. Israel camped in the plains of Moab on the side of the Jordan River across from Jericho (Numbers 22:1). This was God’s final preparation for their entry into the land of Canaan. But trouble lurked! Read the story about God talking through a donkey in Numbers 22-24.

Balak, king of Moab, made attempts first to curse, and then to corrupt Israel. Balak sent to Mesopotamia for what many think is the soothsayer (diviner-prophet), ‘Balaam’ (Numbers 22:5), and hired him to pronounce a curse upon the camp of Israel. This narrative has several surprising aspects. First of all, we learn a prophet of ‘Yahweh’ was living in Upper Mesopotamia, in the region where Abraham had stopped off at Haran on his way from Ur of the Chaldees to the land of promise. It is so amazing and unexpected that God would have a non-Jewish prophet. Though Balak commissions him to curse the Israelites, it must be remembered that properly pronounced blessings and curses were considered extremely effective during these times (see Genesis 48:14-20, where Jacob blesses Joseph’s sons). Do not look to assumptions and speculations to solve apparent contradictions in any of these stories. Focus on what God is doing.

Balaam had already received one royal delegation in Numbers 22:7-14. He rightly replies that the Lord refused him permission to go with the princes of Moab to curse Israel. What Balaam had neglected to mention was God's reason for refusing: “…for they are blessed” (Numbers 22:12). Mentioning this probably would have ended the Moabites' attempts to curse a people God blessed. Balaam apparently was playing both sides on this one; he deliberately left the door open, perhaps hoping that he could somehow benefit from such a highly visible ministry.

‘God’s anger was aroused’ because Balaam accepted Balak’s offer, yet in His mercy God sent ‘the Angel of the Lord’ (Numbers 22:22) to warn Balaam to speak only the word that God gave him (Numbers 22:35). God’s love was extended in three more warnings that Balaam was headed into trouble.

Balak took him to one hilltop after another to view the camp of the Israelites, because Balak superstitiously decided to see whether another location or additional sacrifices would bring more favorable results. Each time the Spirit of the Lord compelled Balaam to utter a blessing upon them instead of a curse. The second oracle the Lord spoke through Balaam reaffirmed God’s determination to bless Israel by giving them victory over the Moabites. Finally, after three attempts on the part of Balak, Yahweh used Balaam, a Gentile, to give a prophecy about a coming ‘Scepter’ (a symbol of dominion, which was first prophesied about in Genesis 49:17):
“I see Him, but not now;
I behold Him, but not near;
A Star shall come out of Jacob;
A Scepter shall rise out of Israel,
And batter the brow of Moab,
And destroy all the sons of tumult.”
(Numbers 24:17)

Was Balaam the embodiment of evil, or was he basically a good man? He really knew the true, personal God of Israel, and like so many other believing Gentiles who receive only a passing reference in Scripture (such as Melchizedek, Jethro, Rahab), he too really believed to the saving of his soul.

Unable to curse Israel, through Balaam’s ‘counsel’ (Numbers 31:16) Balak invited Israel to the idolatrous feasts of Moab, where they bowed down to their gods. ‘So Israel was joined to Baal of Peor’ (Numbers 25:3). ‘Baal’ (means ‘master’, ‘lord’, ‘owner’, or ‘husband’) was the local deity of the place, and it gradually became a proper name for the great fertility god of the Canaanites. There were many Baals (or ‘Baalim’), but the chief Baal was a Canaanite and Phoenician god of storms and fertility.

The end of Balaam's ministry was tragic, for after he had served God by repeatedly blessing Israel, he became the instrument of both Israel's downfall and his own. But for this he had only himself to blame and not God, for he had been sternly warned. God punished both the seducer and the seduced! Although Balaam was a gifted man and had a certain amount of enlightenment, he was self-willed and was greedy for gain. He was ‘killed with the sword’ (Numbers 31:8) soon afterwards.

Another story depicts the condition in Israel while they were at Peor. The ‘anger of the Lord was aroused against Israel’ (Numbers 25:3), and rightfully so, for they had received God’s law against idolatry (Exodus 20:3-4). The Lord commanded Moses to “hang the offenders before the Lord, out in the sun, that the fierce anger of the Lord may turn away from Israel” (Numbers 25:4). Moses instructed the judges of Israel to kill their men who were joined to Baal.

Zimri of the Simeonite tribe took Cozbi, a Midianite woman into his tent, in full view of Moses and the congregation of Israel, which was blatant rebellion (Numbers 25:6). When Phinehas saw this, he took a spear and went into the tent. He pierced it right through both of them! This stopped the plague, but only after 24,000 died! Then God ordered Moses: “Harass the Midianites, and attack them; for they harassed you with their schemes” (Numbers 25:17-18).

The reference to a ‘Midianite woman shows the interchange of the use of the terms ‘Midianite’ (son of Abraham), Ishmaelite (son of Abraham through Hagar), ‘Medanite’, and ‘Moabite’ (son of Lot) by this time. The heroic act of Phinehas, the grandson of Aaron, demonstrates God’s own zeal for the purity of His people. It earned Phinehas God’s commendation and the promise of an ‘everlasting priesthood’ (Numbers 25:13). He is an example of uncompromising loyalty to God’s law.

While Israel was conquering the tribes around them, the Israelite tribes of Reuben and Gad observed how the land was a pastureland for their ‘multitude of livestock’ (Numbers 32:1). They asked Moses and Eleazar for the conquered territory east of the Jordan River. Moses granted them their request because they agreed to ‘go to war’ with their fellow Israelites, since sitting on their pastureland would discourage the ‘heart of the children of Israel’ (Numbers 32:7). The land of Heshbon (Sidon) and Bashan (Og) was divided between these two tribes and half the tribe of Manasseh, with the warning from Moses that if they neglect their fellow citizens, “you have sinned against the Lord; and be sure your sin will find you out” (Numbers 32:23).

Israel’s fighting men numbered 601,730 before they entered the Promised Land (Numbers 26:51). These were the new numbers of the new generation of Israel and it was among them that the land was to be divided by lot in proportion to the size of the tribes: “To these the land shall be divided as an inheritance, according to the number of names” (Numbers 26:53). The Levites were numbered as before, and their number was 23,000 (Numbers 26:62). A new law came into power as a result of the courageous God-fearing ‘daughters of Zelophehad’ (Numbers 27:1). Their great-great-great-great grandfather (6 generations) was Joseph (Genesis 37-50). One of Joseph’s sons, Manasseh was one of the half-tribes of Israel, which would inherit land in Canaan. The daughters of Zelophehad married into the families of the children of Manasseh (their father’s brothers – Numbers 36:10-12). Women were now entitled to an inheritance of the land if a father did not leave a legacy that included sons. This is another step forward in God’s recognition of women in society throughout Israel.

Sharing:
  • This new law elevated the status for women to own property for the first time we know in history.
  • Women were previously treated as ‘chattels’ – mere property of a household.
  • ‘Women’s rights’ was surfacing according to God’s standards.
  • Compared to the practice of the nations around them, God was giving women their rightful place in society and in their marriage and family as God originally established Eve’s relationship with Adam.
This law came into question in Numbers 36:2 in relation to the marriage of female heirs. If the daughters of Zelophehad married men of a different tribe, would their father’s inheritance be transferred to that tribe? The Lord instructed that the family and tribal legacies should be protected (Numbers 27:7; 36:6). These protections, as well as the prohibition against permanent transfer of land from one family to another, were rooted in God’s ultimate ownership of the Promised Land (Leviticus 25:23), and that He had entrusted it to all His people as a good gift and permanent possession to be enjoyed (Leviticus 25:34). The land was not simply private property to be transferred on the basis of human agreement. It symbolized living in the presence of God.

Moses, being warned of his approaching death, was concerned about Israel’s need for leadership: “Lord God, source of all life, appoint, I pray, a man who can lead the people and can command them in battle, so that your community will not be like sheep without a shepherd” (Numbers 27:16-17, GNT). Moses recognized Israel as God’s people under His leadership. The Lord appointed ‘Joshua the son of Nun’ as Moses’ successor before the high priest and the whole congregation (Numbers 27:18-19). Joshua was to get instruction from the Lord through ‘Eleazar the priest by the judgment of the Urim’ (Numbers 27:21), and not directly from the Lord as Moses did. The ‘Urim and the Thummim’ (Exodus 28:30) literally mean ‘lights and perfections’, which are two Hebrew words that begin with the first and last letters of the alphabet. There is no hint of how they functioned or what they were. They were used for receiving oracles (prophetic statements) from God.

What kind of man would Joshua have to be to follow after Moses’ leadership?

Sharing:
  • Not me!
  • God chose Joshua “in whom is the Spirit” (Numbers 27:18) enabled Joshua for the task.
  • Joshua was under Moses’ direct influence: ‘Moses arose with his assistant (servant) Joshua, and Moses went up to the mountain of God’ (Exodus 24:13); Joshua was one of Moses’ ‘choice men’ (Exodus 11:28). He learned from Moses what it meant to be a choice leader.
  • In spite of Joshua's servanthood and proven military and spiritual leadership, Moses would not choose him as successor apart from God’s selection (Numbers 27:16, 18).
  • As a military commander (first mentioned in Exodus 17:9), Joshua understood the chain of command, looking to God as their Leader.
  • He understood that God was taking them into a good land and that He would give the victory over the enemy.
  • We usually look at Joshua and Caleb as the ‘good guys’; actually it was God’s grace and promise that raised up good men.
  • God does not speak directly to Joshua as He did Moses; He spoke through the high priest, Eleazar. Joshua, however, did know that God had instructed Moses to appoint him as the new leader. He was confident of God’s plan and guidance.
In view of the coming settlement in Canaan, some new regulations were given. These included daily offerings, Sabbath offerings, new month offerings, offerings for the Passover and Unleavened Bread, and the Feast of Weeks – on the Day of Firstfruits (Numbers 28). There were also the feasts of the seventh month, offerings for the Feast of Trumpets, for the Day of Atonement, and for the Feast of Booths (Numbers 29). All of these maintained Israel’s witness to the Lord in the Promised Land. ‘The Lord commanded Moses’ about these things (Numbers 29:40).

Rules about vows were also provided. Ordinarily, people were obliged to fulfill any vow or obligation they had made, including even a rash promise (Numbers 30:6). A vow is a commitment made to God under oath to engage or not to engage in some activity. Although all women were free to make vows, married women, who were subject to their husband’s authority, and young girls, who were subject to their father’s authority, were not under any obligation to keep a vow if the male authority figure refused them permission to do so (Numbers 30:3-8). Widows and divorced women were not bound to a man’s authority. Although such women often suffered because they lacked status and property, when it came to vows, they were recognized as having the same authority as men and any vow they made was binding (Numbers 30:9).  Moses urged the people not to make rash vows, but declared that if made they must be fulfilled.

Laws about plunder and captives of war after God took vengeance against the Midianites for their sin in inducing Israel into idol worship and sexual immorality.  The ‘plunder’ (spoils and booty) of war were divided according to the Lord’s instruction to Moses (Numbers 31:25). Not a single soldier was missing from the war, so in response the army gave a special offering in gratitude for their safe return. Moses and Eleazar the priest brought the offering ‘into the tabernacle of meeting as a memorial for the children of Israel before the Lord’ (Numbers 31:54). Israel recognized God’s goodness and mercy.

Then the Lord spoke to Moses, saying, “Command the children of Israel, and say to them: ‘When you come into the land of Canaan, this is the land that shall fall to you as an inheritance – the land of Canaan to its boundaries’” (Numbers 34:1-2). While land ownership was important in the rest of the ancient Near East, no other country had such strong religious overtones connected to the land. God was involved in allotting the land, and the graphic details demonstrate the greatness of His gift. God promised a general area to Abraham (Genesis 15:17-21); now it is being defined. All biblical references to land and geographical boundaries are intended to show that God’s plan breaks into human history as Israel becomes a nation and takes possession of the Promised Land.

God used faithful human leaders to put His plan of freedom into effect. ‘Eleazar the priest’, third son of Aaron was put in charge of the Levites after the death of his two disobedient brothers, ‘Nadab and Abihu’ (Numbers 3:32). The priests could not own any land themselves. Eleazar’s name is followed by a list of representatives of each tribe. ‘Joshua’, the successor of Moses, and ‘Caleb’ (Numbers 34:19) were the two spies sent out many years before, and were the sole survivors of the earlier generation. Caleb is the one who ‘quieted the people before Moses, and said, “Let us go up at once and take possession, for we are able to overcome it”’ (Numbers 13:30). Joshua and Caleb expressed their trust in God before Israel: “If the Lord delights in us, then He will bring us into this land and give it to us” (Numbers 14:8). The congregation was ready to stone them! Numbers 14:10 records God’s intervention: ‘the glory of the Lord appeared in the tabernacle…’ He was ready to strike the nation with pestilence and disinherit them, and make of Moses a nation greater and mightier than they. Moses pleaded the greatness of God’s mercy and forgiveness, and the Lord said: “I have pardoned, according to your word; …but… they certainly shall not see the land of which I swore to their fathers… But My servant Caleb, because he has a different spirit in him and has followed Me fully, I will bring into the land where he went, and his descendants shall inherit it” (Numbers 14:20-24). Caleb’s attitude was reflected in his obedience and loyalty to the God he followed fully.

Forty-eight towns with surrounding pastureland were assigned to the Levites, including ‘six cities of refuge’ (Numbers 35:6). God’s law prescribed the death penalty as a punishment for murder, and thus the relatives of anyone who was killed could seek blood vengeance. However, God knew that some killings are accidental and that some people are likely to be falsely accused of murder, hence He established these cities as a refuge where an accused killer could be safe until his or her case had come to trial. The main purpose of this ordinance was to protect the land from defilement through the shedding of innocent blood or through the absence of justice. God told Israel: “…do not defile the land which you inhabit, in the midst of which I dwell; for I the Lord dwell among the children of Israel” (Numbers 35:34).

Israel’s rebellion against their faithful God, present in their midst, prolonged a journey of eleven days to forty years! Numbers ends with a summary: ‘These are the commandments and the judgments which the Lord commanded the children of Israel by the hand of Moses in the plains of Moab by the Jordan, across from Jericho’ (Numbers 36:13).

What kind of God gives a second chance to His nation?

Sharing:
  • Only a merciful, sovereign God will keep His promises.
  • God’s plan is in place and He is faithful to His promises.

ANSWER
‘There are tree mistake in this sentence.’
  1. ‘tree should be ‘three’.
  2. ‘mistake’ should be ‘mistakes’.
  3. The word ‘mistake’.
Read the Bible as God’s Story to appreciate what may not be quite so obvious.

In preparation for our next session, read Deuteronomy and think about God’s Story that prepares the nation of Israel to enter the Promised Land.

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